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Staff RolesWho owns what, on every shift

Version 2.0 · August 2026 · Draft for management ratification · Applies to all shifts, substantive and locum staff

Every shift is run by four people — a Clinical Officer, a Nurse, an HRIO and Housekeeping. Each owns a different part of the same patient. Open your role and the page shows only your work, one stage at a time.

In-Charge The Clinical Officer on call is the In-Charge for the shift. Every clinical judgement, every priority call and every decision that cannot wait for management rests with them until they hand over. The Nurse, HRIO and Housekeeping all escalate to the In-Charge first.

Who owns what

Clinical Officer

Clinical Decision Owner

Owns Assessment, diagnosis, treatment decisions, prescribing, investigation orders, admission, referral, discharge decisions, dispensing chain

Never Queue management, registration, claims, physical stock custody

32 tasks4 act now

Nurse

Clinical Care Process Owner

Owns Triage, nursing assessment, procedures, treatment execution, monitoring, IPD/maternity nursing, laboratory chain, physical stock custody

Never Diagnosis, prescribing, admission/discharge decisions, billing assembly

62 tasks22 act now

HRIO

Patient Flow & Administrative Process Owner

Owns Registration, identification, payer verification, queue and flow control, charge capture, claims, appointments, records, encounter closure, expenses, petty cash, invoices, CRM and feedback

Never Any clinical assessment, any handling or dispensing of medicines, any laboratory testing

57 tasks8 act now

Housekeeping

Environment, Linen & Catering Owner

Owns Cleaning of every area, infection-prevention cleaning, linen and laundry, patient meals, kitchen hygiene, waste movement, grounds

Never Any clinical task, sharps, specimens, medicines, patient records, or giving a patient any clinical information

34 tasks6 act now

HRIO controls the flow. Nurse controls the care process. Clinical Officer controls the clinical decision and is the In-Charge. Housekeeping controls the environment.

The patient journey Pick a stage

Arrival & Registration

HRIO12
Nurse0

Nothing here

Clinical Officer0

Nothing here

Housekeeping2

Triage

HRIO0

Nothing here

Nurse8
Clinical Officer0

Nothing here

Housekeeping1

Consultation

HRIO0

Nothing here

Nurse0

Nothing here

Clinical Officer12
Housekeeping1

Laboratoryno dedicated laboratory employee

HRIO2
Nurse15
Clinical Officer0

Nothing here

Housekeeping1

Pharmacyno dedicated pharmacy employee

HRIO3
Nurse6
Clinical Officer9
Housekeeping0

Nothing here

Procedures

HRIO1
Nurse8
Clinical Officer3
Housekeeping1

Observation / Inpatient

HRIO3
Nurse9
Clinical Officer3
Housekeeping4

Maternity / MCH

HRIO3
Nurse13
Clinical Officer3
Housekeeping3

Imaging & Specialist Services

Specialist clinics and imaging are run by locum specialists and imaging personnel, who are not covered by this handbook. Everything below is only what full-time staff do around them.

HRIO9
Nurse1
Clinical Officer0

Nothing here

Housekeeping0

Nothing here

Billing, Discharge & Encounter Closure

HRIO9
Nurse2
Clinical Officer2
Housekeeping1
Patient flow & administration

HRIO

You own Registration, identification, payer verification, the queue, charge capture, claims, appointments, records and encounter closure.

You never Any clinical assessment, any handling or dispensing of medicines, any laboratory testing

Your work through the journey Tap a stage, then a task

01Arrival & Registration122
Receive and greet patient at reception → Nurse

What you do Stand up and acknowledge patient within 30 seconds of arrival, establish reason for visit in one question, direct to seat and offer the patient a drink

If this happensPatient unattended >2 minTellNurse
Red-flag screen at reception Act now → Nurse immediately, then CO

What you do Apply the fixed red-flag list (unconscious/altered, active bleeding, chest pain, severe breathlessness, convulsion, active labor, unresponsive child, major trauma, poisoning) - do not assess, only recognize and call. Move patient straight to treatment/emergency area; registration is completed retrospectively by HRIO within 30 min

If this happensAny red flag presentTellNurse immediately, then CO
Existing Patient → CEO

What you do Confirm two identifiers (full name + date of birth or ID/phone); confirm against existing record before creating any new one

If this happensTwo patients with matching identifiersTellCEO
New Patient

What you do Register the new patient with complete demographic set: name, DOB/age, sex, phone, residence/estate, next of kin

No escalation for this task
Capture and verify contact number → Note in record; no escalation

What you do Read the number back to the patient digit by digit; correct in record if wrong

If this happensPatient has no reachable numberTellNote in record; no escalation
Capture communication consent verbally Act now → Update immediately; inform CEO

What you do Ask and record whether the patient consents to SMS/WhatsApp/call for appointment reminders, results notification and follow-up; record consent status, not assumption

If this happensPatient asks to withdraw consentTellUpdate immediately; inform CEO
Payer identification → Ask to pay cash; no escalation

What you do Establish payer category before service: Cash / SHA / Private insurance; record explicitly, never assume from last visit

If this happensPatient claims cover the hospital does not hold an arrangement withTellAsk to pay cash; no escalation
SHA verification → Call 147; patient advised of cash/alternative before service

What you do Complete SHA identification/verification process for the patient before consultation

If this happensVerification fails or system unavailableTellCall 147; patient advised of cash/alternative before service
Private insurance verification → Call insurer; update patient every 15 minutes

What you do Confirm scheme, member validity, benefit applicability and obtain pre-authorization where the scheme requires it

If this happensPre-auth declined or delayed >20 minTellCall insurer; update patient every 15 minutes
Cash patient workflow → CO for clinical priority

What you do Explain consultation fee, take payment, issue receipt, record receipt number against the encounter

If this happensPatient unable to pay and clinically urgentTellCO for clinical priority
Patient-source capture → CEO

What you do Ask every new patient one question: "How did you hear about us?" Record against the fixed source list

If this happensSource field blank on >10% of new patients in a shiftTellCEO
Handoff to triage → Nurse, then CO

What you do Physically or verbally hand the patient to the Nurse; do not leave a registered patient un-handed-over

If this happensNurse unavailable >10 minTellNurse, then CO
04Laboratoryno dedicated laboratory employee2
Laboratory charge capture → CEO

What you do Ensure every test performed appears on the patient bill; reconcile lab register against billed tests

If this happensTest performed but not billedTellCEO
Outsourced result tracking → CEO; CO informed of clinical delay

What you do Maintain the pending outsourced results list; chase the referral lab; notify CO on arrival; notify patient per consent

If this happensResult overdue beyond agreed turnaroundTellCEO; CO informed of clinical delay
05Pharmacyno dedicated pharmacy employee3
Daily dispensed-vs-billed reconciliation (Mitigation M2) → CEO same day

What you do Reconcile items dispensed against items billed against stock issued; report any variance

If this happensAny unexplained varianceTellCEO same day
Reorder list compilation and submission → CO

What you do Compile the consolidated order from the Nurse's stock position and the CO's clinical list; submit for approval; track delivery

If this happensOrder not delivered within agreed lead timeTellCO
Pharmacy documentation completeness audit → CEO

What you do Check that every dispensing event has a ledger entry, a bill and a counselling initial

If this happensDocumentation gap rate above threshold (TO BE ESTABLISHED)TellCEO
06Procedures1
Procedure documentationshared · whoever performs it → HRIO flags and ensures documentation

What you do Whoever performs the procedure writes the procedure note — never delegated to the other party

If this happensNote missing at reconciliationTellHRIO flags and ensures documentation
07Observation / Inpatient3
Admission registration and bed allocation (administrative) → No one, admissions must be paid first

What you do Convert the encounter to an admission in the record, allocate the bed number, confirm payer cover for admission

If this happensPayer will not cover admissionTellNo one, admissions must be paid first
Interim charge accumulation → CEO; CO informed

What you do Post charges to the admission account daily so the bill never accumulates unseen

If this happensBill exceeds cover limitTellCEO; CO informed
Administrative discharge and clearance → CEO

What you do Finalise the bill, complete payer documentation, close the admission record, book follow-up

If this happensBill unsettled and patient dischargedTellCEO
08Maternity / MCH3
ANC registration and profile initiation → Nurse and CO for risk assessment

What you do Register the pregnancy, issue/complete the ANC record, capture EDD and contact details, capture patient source

If this happensLate booking (third trimester first contact)TellNurse and CO for risk assessment
ANC appointment scheduling and reminder → HRIO follow-up call within 48 hours; Nurse for clinical content

What you do Book the next visit before the mother leaves; send a reminder per consent

If this happensMissed ANC visitTellHRIO follow-up call within 48 hours; Nurse for clinical content
Immunization defaulter tracing → Nurse for tracking

What you do Generate the defaulter list from the register and contact caregivers per consent; Nurse supplies the clinical message

If this happensDefaulter not reachable after 3 attemptsTellNurse for tracking
09Imaging & Specialist Services91

Specialist clinics and imaging are run by locum specialists and imaging personnel, who are not covered by this handbook. Everything below is only what full-time staff do around them.

Confirm specialist clinic schedule Act now → CEO; patients notified immediately

What you do Confirm with each specialist that the coming week's clinic is going ahead, and the exact time

If this happensSpecialist unavailable or unconfirmed 48 hours before clinicTellCEO; patients notified immediately
Appointment booking → CEO (capacity decision)

What you do Book against the confirmed schedule only; capture the reason for referral and the payer

If this happensClinic fully bookedTellCEO (capacity decision)
Patient notification and reminder → Second attempt; mark for follow-up

What you do Confirm the appointment with the patient per consent, including date, time, cost and preparation

If this happensPatient not reachedTellSecond attempt; mark for follow-up
Pre-visit file and list preparation → Nurse/CO to trace; inform specialist

What you do Pull files, prepare the clinic list, ensure prior results are attached before the clinic starts

If this happensPrior results missingTellNurse/CO to trace; inform specialist
Payer pre-authorisation for specialist/imaging → CEO; patient informed before attending

What you do Obtain scheme pre-authorization before the appointment where required

If this happensPre-auth not obtained before the clinicTellCEO; patient informed before attending
Fees collected before the specialist is called in → Do not call the specialist or imaging personnel; offer a rebooking; CEO for any exception

What you do Collect and receipt the specialist consultation fee and any imaging fee in full before you contact the specialist or the imaging personnel to attend; never call a locum in against an unpaid appointment

If this happensPatient cannot pay before the appointmentTellDo not call the specialist or imaging personnel; offer a rebooking; CEO for any exception
Report filing and release → CEO

What you do HRIO attaches the report to the file and notifies the CO; the CO interprets and acts

If this happensReport not acted on within 24 hoursTellCEO
Post-clinic action tracking → CEO

What you do Extract every follow-up action from the clinic (tests, reviews, referrals) and ensure each is booked or closed

If this happensAction open beyond 7 daysTellCEO
No-show follow-up → CEO

What you do Contact every no-show within 24 hours per consent, record the reason, offer a rebooking

If this happensNo-show rate above threshold (TO BE ESTABLISHED)TellCEO
10Billing, Discharge & Encounter Closure92
Charge capture at the point of serviceshared · whoever performs it → CEO

What you do Every consultation, test, procedure, consumable and medicine is passed to the HRIO at the time it is delivered

If this happensService in the clinical note with no matching chargeTellCEO
Bill assembly and verification → CEO before presenting

What you do Assemble the bill, verify each line against the clinical record, correct before presenting to the patient

If this happensBill cannot be reconciled to the recordTellCEO before presenting
Payer claim documentation Act now → co to complete same shift

What you do Assemble the complete claim: verification reference, clinical notes, results, prescriptions, signatures

If this happensMissing clinical documentation for a claimTellco to complete same shift
Payment collection and receipting Act now → CEO immediately

What you do Collect payment, issue a receipt, record the receipt number against the encounter

If this happensCash variance at end of shiftTellCEO immediately
Billing dispute handling → CEO

What you do Listen, explain each line against the record, do not adjust any charge personally

If this happensPatient does not accept the explanation, or an adjustment is requestedTellCEO
Next appointment booking → CO

What you do Book the review the CO specified, before the patient leaves the building

If this happensReview ordered but not bookedTellCO
Administrative encounter closure → CEO

What you do Confirm registration, clinical note, charges, payment/claim and appointment are all complete, then close the encounter

If this happensEncounter cannot be closedTellCEO
Exit and feedback capture → CEO same day

What you do Confirm the patient has everything they came for; capture any complaint or compliment

If this happensAny complaint raisedTellCEO same day
Daily encounter reconciliation → CEO

What you do Reconcile patients registered vs consulted vs billed vs closed; list every gap

If this happensAny unexplained gapTellCEO
F1Money, invoices and petty cash62
Daily expense tracking → CEO same day

What you do Record every expense the hospital incurs on the day it happens in the expense register, with the supplier, amount, purpose and who authorised it

If this happensExpense incurred without authorisationTellCEO same day
Invoices paid within 48 hours → CEO before the 48 hours expires

What you do Log every incoming invoice on arrival with the date received, and ensure it is presented for payment and settled within 48 hours of receipt

If this happensInvoice approaching 48 hours unpaid, or funds not releasedTellCEO before the 48 hours expires
eTIMS receipt check on every invoice → Return it to the supplier; inform the CEO; do not pay it

What you do Do not accept or process any incoming invoice that does not carry a valid eTIMS receipt; check the eTIMS details against the invoice before it is logged

If this happensInvoice presented without a valid eTIMS receiptTellReturn it to the supplier; inform the CEO; do not pay it
Petty cash management Act now → CEO immediately, same shift

What you do Hold the petty cash float securely, issue only against a signed voucher, record every issue at the time, and reconcile the float against vouchers daily

If this happensFloat short, or a payment requested without a voucherTellCEO immediately, same shift
Locum claims through the system → CEO

What you do Submit the locum claim for every locum shift worked through the system, with the shift date, hours and the approver, and track it to payment

If this happensClaim rejected, or a locum unpaid after the agreed periodTellCEO
End-of-shift cash reconciliation Act now → CEO immediately, before leaving

What you do Count the cash, reconcile it against receipts issued and the day's billing, and record the result before leaving; never carry a variance to the next shift

If this happensAny variance, however smallTellCEO immediately, before leaving
F2CRM, recalls and patient feedback91
Enquiry register → CEO

What you do Log every telephone, WhatsApp, walk-in and social enquiry as a lead with name, contact, what they need, and the outcome; no enquiry is only a phone call

If this happensEnquiry logged but no outcome recorded by end of shiftTellCEO
Enquiry-to-booking conversion → CEO

What you do Offer every enquiry a specific date and time and record whether it was booked; follow up unconverted enquiries on day 1, day 3 and day 7

If this happensEnquiry not followed up within the agreed patternTellCEO
Patient contact record and consent → Stop; record it; CEO same day

What you do Keep contact details and the consent and opt-out status current in the patient record; never contact a patient who has opted out

If this happensContact made to a patient who had opted outTellStop; record it; CEO same day
Appointment reminders → Mark for follow-up; tell the Nurse if it is clinical

What you do Send the reminder for every next-day appointment, per the patient's recorded consent, and record whether it was delivered

If this happensPatient not reachable after two attemptsTellMark for follow-up; tell the Nurse if it is clinical
Recall streams → CEO the same week

What you do Run the recall lists on their named days: ANC, immunisation, well-baby, chronic care, postnatal and specialist review

If this happensA recall stream missed on its named dayTellCEO the same week
Missed appointment recovery → Nurse for the clinical view; CEO for the pattern

What you do Contact every no-show within 24 hours, record the reason, and offer a rebooking

If this happensSecond no-show by the same patientTellNurse for the clinical view; CEO for the pattern
Inactive patient reactivation → Record and close the lead

What you do Produce the inactive-patient list monthly by service and contact them per consent

If this happensReactivation contact refused or the number is deadTellRecord and close the lead
Patient feedback capture Act now → CEO same day; Nurse or CO immediately if it is a safety matter

What you do Ask every patient at exit for feedback, record compliments and complaints verbatim, and never argue with or correct the patient

If this happensAny complaint, or any feedback about clinical safetyTellCEO same day; Nurse or CO immediately if it is a safety matter
Patient Experience Issue Log → CEO with the log extract

What you do Keep a running log of recurring problems raised by patients, with the date, the theme and what was done

If this happensThe same issue raised three times in a monthTellCEO with the log extract
Core duties during the shift 10
DutyWhat is expectedBackupEvidence
Reception and first contactAcknowledge within 30 seconds; red-flag screen before anything elseNurseArrival time in register
Registration and payer verificationComplete before the patient reaches consultation, except for emergenciesNurseEncounter record
Patient-source captureAsk every new patient; record against the fixed listNurseSource field
Charge capturePass to HRIO at the time of delivery, not at the endHRIOCharge sheet
Patient flow board maintenanceUpdate status at every stage changeNurseFlow board
Waiting-time monitoringScan the board at least every 30 minutes; escalate anyone over thresholdNurseFlow board with delay flags
Answering the telephone and WhatsApp enquiriesAnswer within 3 rings; log every enquiry as a lead with name, contact, need, outcomeNurseEnquiry register
Booking appointments from enquiriesOffer a specific date and time, not "come any day"NurseAppointment entry linked to the enquiry
Encounter closureClose only when registration, note, charges, payment/claim and appointment are all completeNurseClosed encounter
Complaint captureLog any complaint at the moment it is raisedNurseComplaint log
Patient flow control 12

You keep a visible Patient Flow Board. Every patient in the building sits in exactly one of these twelve statuses at all times.

  1. 1RegisteredNext action: HRIO
  2. 2Waiting for triageNext action: Nurse10 min
  3. 3Waiting for consultationNext action: Clinical Officer20 min
  4. 4Waiting for laboratory (collection)Next action: Nurse15 min
  5. 5Waiting for resultsNext action: Nurse45 min in-house
  6. 6Waiting for imagingNext action: HRIO30 min
  7. 7Waiting for procedureNext action: Nurse20 min
  8. 8Waiting for pharmacyNext action: Clinical Officer10 min
  9. 9Waiting for billingNext action: HRIO10 min
  10. 10Admitted / under observationNext action: NursePer observation orders
  11. 11Ready for dischargeNext action: HRIO20 min
  12. 12CompletedNext action: —

When a patient is stuck

  1. 1

    Scan the flow board and identify anyone past their stage threshold

    When Minimum every 30 minutes Proof Flow board delay flag

  2. 2

    Inform the owner of that stage in person, stating patient name and elapsed time

    When Immediately on identification Proof Verbal + flag

  3. 3

    Tell the waiting patient what is happening and the expected wait

    When Within 5 min of identifying the delay Proof Note on flow board

  4. 4

    If the patient is still stuck 15 minutes after the owner was informed, invoke the backup (Section 1.3)

    When At 15 min Proof Delay log entry

  5. 5

    If still stuck 30 minutes after the first flag, escalate to the CEO

    When At 30 min Proof Delay log with escalation time

  6. 6

    Record every delay over threshold with stage, duration and cause

    When End of shift Proof Daily delay summary

You do not solve clinical delays and you do not overrule clinical priority. You make the delay visible, name the owner, tell the patient, and escalate.

Before you leave 9
ItemWhat must be completedHand over toEvidence
Patient handovershared: All three rolesStructured handover of every patient still in the building or admittedIncoming counterpartSigned handover record
Stock discrepanciesshared: Nurse (custody) + HRIO (records)Any variance identified, reported before leaving — never carried forward silentlyCEO + incoming shiftVariance report
Billing issuesUnsettled bills, disputes, cash position reconciledIncoming HRIOReconciliation sheet
ClaimsClaims complete vs claims awaiting clinical documentation, named per patientIncoming HRIO + incoming COPending claims list
Incomplete encountersNamed list of encounters that could not be closed and whyIncoming HRIOIncomplete encounter list
Enquiries not convertedEnquiries received this shift with no appointment yet, with contact detailsIncoming HRIOEnquiry register
Incidentsshared: Person involvedAny clinical incident, near miss, complaint or safety event, documented before leavingCEO + incoming shiftIncident form
Equipment problemsshared: Person who found itWhat is broken, since when, what has been reported, workaround in useIncoming counterpart + CEOEquipment fault log
Daily statisticsPatients seen, new vs returning, by service, sources capturedCEODaily statistics return
Your handover 10
  1. Patients still on the flow board and their status.
  2. Any patient delayed past threshold and the reason.
  3. Incomplete encounters, named.
  4. Cash reconciled and any variance.
  5. Pending claims and what each is waiting for.
  6. Failed or pending SHA/insurance verifications.
  7. Appointments for the incoming shift, including specialist clinics.
  8. Enquiries received but not converted, with contacts.
  9. Complaints logged.
  10. System or records problems (EMR down, files missing, printer).

Record: Signed HRIO handover record + flow board + reconciliation sheet

Handover is face to face, at the point of care where relevant, and signed by both parties. A handover left as a written note only is not a handover. Maximum 10 minutes per role. The outgoing person stays accountable until the signature is given. If the incoming counterpart has not arrived, the outgoing staff member does not leave — the CEO is informed at the shift end time, not afterwards.

Daily, weekly, monthly

Every shift

Register and identify every patient; verify payer status for every encounter; capture source for every new patient; maintain the Patient Flow Board continuously; scan for delays at least every 30 minutes and escalate per Section 6.2; log every telephone/WhatsApp/walk-in enquiry as a lead; book and confirm appointments; capture all charges and assemble all bills; complete payer documentation; reconcile dispensed vs billed and lab register vs billed; contact all no-shows within 24 hours; send next-day appointment reminders; close every encounter or list it as incomplete; compile daily statistics; reconcile cash; complete handover with signature

Deliverables Daily statistics return; daily reconciliation report; incomplete encounter list; enquiry register updated; flow board with delay log; handover record signed

Weekly

Specialist clinic confirmation and display for the coming week; patient-source data completeness check; records quality audit sample; pharmacy documentation completeness audit; claims aging review; enquiry conversion summary (enquiries received vs appointments booked vs attended); waiting-time summary from the flow board delay log; weekly statistics pack to the CEO

Deliverables Confirmed specialist schedule; weekly statistics pack; enquiry conversion summary; claims aging report

Monthly

Inactive-patient list by service; monthly statistics pack (patients, new vs returning, service mix, payer mix, source mix); monthly reconciliation of revenue against services delivered; claims submitted vs paid vs rejected summary; complaint summary with themes; appointment and no-show summary; incomplete encounter trend; records archiving

Deliverables Monthly statistics pack; inactive-patient list; claims performance summary; complaint theme summary

Clinical care process

Nurse

You own Triage, nursing assessment, procedures, treatment execution, monitoring, inpatient and maternity nursing, the laboratory chain and physical stock custody.

You never Diagnosis, prescribing, admission/discharge decisions, billing assembly

Your work through the journey Tap a stage, then a task

02Triage83
Call patient into triage → HRIO to locate

What you do Call by name, confirm identity before proceeding

If this happensPatient does not respond after 2 callsTellHRIO to locate
Vital signs Act now → CO immediately

What you do Record temperature, pulse, BP, respiratory rate, SpO2 where indicated; repeat any abnormal reading once before recording

If this happensAny vital in the emergency rangeTellCO immediately
Chief complaint and duration

What you do Record the presenting complaint in the patient's own words plus duration; do not diagnose

No escalation for this task
Triage classification Act now → CO immediately, before any further step

What you do Assign Emergency / Urgent / Routine using the facility triage criteria and record the category

If this happensCategory is EmergencyTellCO immediately, before any further step
Immediate emergency escalation Act now → CEO by phone

What you do Move patient to emergency/treatment area, call CO by name, commence emergency nursing measures within scope, do not send patient back to the queue

If this happensCO not physically present within 3 minTellCEO by phone
Allergy and current medication check → Flag to CO before prescribing

What you do Ask and record known drug allergies and medicines currently being taken; flag prominently on the front of the file

If this happensDocumented allergy to a commonly stocked drugTellFlag to CO before prescribing
Triage documentation completion

What you do Complete all triage fields before releasing the patient onward — no partially documented handovers

No escalation for this task
Send patient to consultation → HRIO informs CO; CO advises sequence

What you do Physically hand take the patient to the consultation; notify HRIO to update flow board status

If this happensWait for consultation exceeds 20 minTellHRIO informs CO; CO advises sequence
04Laboratoryno dedicated laboratory employee152
Receive laboratory order → CO before proceeding

What you do Take the order directly from the CO, confirm tests, confirm patient identity

If this happensOrder illegible or clinically unclearTellCO before proceeding
Pre-test patient instruction → CO

What you do Explain the test, any preparation (fasting, urine collection technique), obtain verbal agreement

If this happensPatient refuses testTellCO
Sample collection → Clinical Officer takes over

What you do Collect the sample using correct technique, correct container and correct order of draw; observe infection prevention standards

If this happensFailed collection after 2 attemptsTellClinical Officer takes over
Sample labelling → Discard and recollect

What you do Label at the patient's side with patient name, date, test

If this happensUnlabelled or mislabelled sample foundTellDiscard and recollect
Perform in-house tests → CO decides referral of sample

What you do Run only those tests the individual is authorized and competent to run, following the test SOP and manufacturer instruction

If this happensTest outside authorized listTellCO decides referral of sample
Package and dispatch outsourced samples → HRIO chases;

What you do Package per requirement, complete the referral lab request form, record dispatch time and courier

If this happensCourier delayed >2 hoursTellHRIO chases;
Record result in lab register and file → Recheck against source

What you do Enter result in the lab register and transcribe/attach to the patient file; double-read numeric values before entry

If this happensTranscription discrepancy foundTellRecheck against source
Release result to Clinical Officer

What you do Record results in HMIS and inform the CO

No escalation for this task
Critical/panic result escalation Act now

What you do Interrupt the CO immediately, in person, regardless of what the CO is doing; state patient, test, value

If this happensCO not reachable within 5 min
Internal quality control checks → Stop testing on that assay; inform CO; CO calls manufacturer

What you do Run and record controls per test SOP before patient testing where the test requires it

If this happensQC out of rangeTellStop testing on that assay; inform CO; CO calls manufacturer
Reagent and consumable stock check → HRIO compiles order; CEO approves

What you do Physically count reagents and consumables against the system consumables; identify items below reorder level

If this happensAny item at or below reorder levelTellHRIO compiles order; CEO approves
Reagent expiry check → HRIO adds to reorder list; CEO approves

What you do Inspect expiry dates, apply first-expiry-first-out, quarantine anything expired

If this happensReagent expiring within 30 daysTellHRIO adds to reorder list; CEO approves
Fridge/storage temperature monitoring Act now → CEO immediately; quarantine affected reagents

What you do Read and record laboratory fridge temperature 8AM and 8PM; act on excursions

If this happensTemperature outside specified rangeTellCEO immediately; quarantine affected reagents
Laboratory equipment function check → CEO; CO informed for test availability

What you do Confirm analyzers/centrifuge/microscope power on and function; report faults

If this happensEquipment non-functionalTellCEO; CO informed for test availability
Bench decontamination and waste segregation → CO

What you do Decontaminate bench after each session; segregate sharps and infectious waste correctly

If this happensSharps container ≥3/4 full; spillage incidentTellCO
05Pharmacyno dedicated pharmacy employee62
High-risk independent double-check (Mitigation M1) → Stop; resolve with prescriber before dispensing

What you do Independently recalculate and confirm before dispensing for: paediatric weight-based doses, all injectables, controlled/restricted items, insulin, anticoagulants, and any patient with a documented allergy

If this happensDiscrepancy between the two checksTellStop; resolve with prescriber before dispensing
Physical stock count (Mitigation M3) Act now → CEO immediately

What you do Nurse physically counts, HRIO records independently, both sign; neither performs both roles

If this happensPhysical count differs from ledgerTellCEO immediately
Expiry monitoring → HRIO records; CEO decides action

What you do Physically inspect shelves for expiry dates, apply first-expiry-first-out, produce the short-expiry list

If this happensAny item expiring within 90 daysTellHRIO records; CEO decides action
Storage condition monitoring Act now → CEO immediately

What you do Record pharmacy and fridge temperature; confirm secure storage and that the pharmacy is locked when unattended

If this happensTemperature excursion; pharmacy found unlocked/unattendedTellCEO immediately
Damaged/expired stock quarantine → CEO

What you do Physically remove from dispensing stock, place in a marked quarantine area, record item, batch, quantity, reason

If this happensQuarantine value exceeds thresholdTellCEO
Disposal of expired stock → CEO

What you do Prepare items for authorized disposal per regulatory requirement; never dispose without written authorization and a witnessed record

If this happensDisposal requested without written authorizationTellCEO
06Procedures84
Patient preparation and positioning → CO

What you do Explain the procedure, position the patient, prepare the trolley, confirm consent is in place

If this happensPatient declines after explanationTellCO
Injections (IM/SC/ID) Act now → CO immediately

What you do Verify prescription, check right patient/drug/dose/route/time, administer, observe for immediate reaction

If this happensAdverse reactionTellCO immediately
IV cannulation and IV therapy → CO

What you do Cannulate, confirm patency, set rate as prescribed, monitor site and infusion

If this happensFailed after 2 attempts; phlebitis; infusion reactionTellCO
Wound dressing Act now → CO same visit

What you do Assess wound, dress using aseptic technique, document wound appearance and next dressing date

If this happensSigns of infection; wound deteriorationTellCO same visit
Nebulisation Act now → CO immediately

What you do Prepare and administer as prescribed, monitor response, record pre- and post-vitals

If this happensNo improvement or deterioration after treatmentTellCO immediately
Post-procedure observation Act now → CO immediately

What you do Observe for the specified period, record observations, confirm fitness before release

If this happensAny deterioration during observationTellCO immediately
Procedure documentationshared · whoever performs it → HRIO flags and ensures documentation

What you do Whoever performs the procedure writes the procedure note — never delegated to the other party

If this happensNote missing at reconciliationTellHRIO flags and ensures documentation
Consumable recording for billing → CEO

What you do Record every consumable used at the point of use and pass to HRIO for charge capture

If this happensConsumables used but not billedTellCEO
07Observation / Inpatient93
Bed preparation → CEO

What you do Prepare the bed and bedside, confirm oxygen/suction availability where relevant

If this happensEssential equipment unavailableTellCEO
Initial nursing assessment and care plan → CO

What you do Complete nursing assessment, identify nursing problems, write the care plan

If this happensFindings differ materially from the admission noteTellCO
Vital signs monitoring Act now → CO immediately

What you do Record observations at the frequency the CO ordered; escalate on any breach of parameters

If this happensAny observation outside ordered parametersTellCO immediately
Medication administration Act now → CO same shift

What you do Administer as prescribed, check right patient/drug/dose/route/time, sign at the time of administration

If this happensDose missed, refused or unavailableTellCO same shift
Recognition and escalation of deterioration Act now → CEO

What you do Recognise deterioration, commence nursing measures within scope, call the CO immediately in person

If this happensCO does not attend within 5 minTellCEO
Nursing documentation → CEO

What you do Document care given, patient response, intake/output and any incident, each shift

If this happensShift with no nursing entryTellCEO
Meals, hygiene and comfort coordination → CEO

What you do Ensure the patient's nutrition, hygiene and comfort needs are met or arranged

If this happensNeeds cannot be met with available resourcesTellCEO
Nursing discharge → Repeat; involve caregiver; inform CO

What you do Give medication, wound care and warning-sign education; confirm the patient can state the follow-up plan

If this happensPatient cannot state the planTellRepeat; involve caregiver; inform CO
Inpatient handover at shift change → CEO

What you do Bedside handover of every admitted patient using the fixed handover set (Section 7)

If this happensHandover not completed before outgoing staff leaveTellCEO
08Maternity / MCH138
ANC clinical visit (history, vitals, abdominal examination) [CONFIRM SCOPE] → CO same visit

What you do Conduct the visit within scope, record fundal height, fetal heart, BP, urinalysis and danger signs

If this happensAny danger sign, raised BP, abnormal urinalysisTellCO same visit
ANC profile investigations Act now → CO immediately

What you do Collect ANC profile samples, ensure results return and are entered on the ANC card

If this happensAbnormal profile resultTellCO immediately
Birth plan and delivery-intention discussion → CEO

What you do Discuss and record where the mother intends to deliver and any barrier to delivering here.

If this happensMother intends to deliver elsewhere for an addressable reason (cost, hours, service awareness)TellCEO
Labour admission and initial assessment Act now → CO immediately

What you do Assess on arrival, confirm labour status, take observations, inform the CO of every labour admission

If this happensAny abnormality on admission assessmentTellCO immediately
Labour monitoring / partograph Act now → CO immediately

What you do Monitor and plot maternal and fetal parameters at required intervals

If this happensAny parameter crossing the action line; fetal distressTellCO immediately
Conduct of delivery [CONFIRM SCOPE] Act now → CO immediately; referral activated

What you do Conduct the delivery within scope and competence; CO attends where risk is identified

If this happensObstructed labour, malpresentation, haemorrhage, any indication for CSTellCO immediately; referral activated
Immediate newborn care Act now → CO immediately

What you do Dry, warm, assess Apgar, initiate breastfeeding, give newborn prophylaxis per protocol

If this happensNewborn requiring resuscitation or not feedingTellCO immediately
Immediate postpartum monitoring Act now → CO immediately

What you do Monitor mother for bleeding, uterine tone, vitals at required intervals for the first hours

If this happensExcessive bleeding; abnormal vitalsTellCO immediately
Discharge of mother and babyshared · Clinical Officer (clinical) + Nurse (education) → CO

What you do CO confirms fitness; Nurse gives postnatal, feeding and danger-sign education; HRIO closes the account and books postnatal review

If this happensMother or baby not fit for dischargeTellCO
Postnatal clinic visit → CO same visit

What you do Assess mother and baby, address feeding and wound/perineal care, screen for postnatal complications

If this happensAny complication identifiedTellCO same visit
Immunisation administration Act now → CO immediately; report per protocol

What you do Verify schedule and eligibility, administer per protocol, record in the child's booklet and the immunisation register, give the next date

If this happensAdverse event following immunisationTellCO immediately; report per protocol
Vaccine cold-chain monitoring Act now → CEO immediately; quarantine affected vaccines

What you do Record vaccine fridge temperature and act on excursions

If this happensTemperature excursionTellCEO immediately; quarantine affected vaccines
Well-baby and growth monitoring → CO same visit

What you do Weigh, plot, assess feeding and development, counsel the caregiver

If this happensGrowth faltering; developmental concernTellCO same visit
09Imaging & Specialist Services1

Specialist clinics and imaging are run by locum specialists and imaging personnel, who are not covered by this handbook. Everything below is only what full-time staff do around them.

Patient preparation instructions → Reschedule or delay; inform CO

What you do Give the specific preparation required (fasting, full bladder, medication timing) and confirm understanding

If this happensPatient arrives unpreparedTellReschedule or delay; inform CO
10Billing, Discharge & Encounter Closure2
Charge capture at the point of serviceshared · whoever performs it → CEO

What you do Every consultation, test, procedure, consumable and medicine is passed to the HRIO at the time it is delivered

If this happensService in the clinical note with no matching chargeTellCEO
Nursing discharge instructions → Repeat with caregiver; inform CO

What you do Give and document medication, wound care, warning signs and return instructions; confirm the patient can repeat them

If this happensPatient cannot repeat the instructionsTellRepeat with caregiver; inform CO
Core duties during the shift 7
DutyWhat is expectedBackupEvidence
TriageComplete within 10 min of registration (PROPOSED INTERIM)Clinical OfficerTriage note with time
Laboratory chainCollect within 15 min of order; in-house result within 45 minClinical OfficerLab register
ProceduresPerform as ordered; document immediatelyThe other clinicianProcedure note
Inpatient observations and medicationAt ordered frequency, signed at the time givenClinical OfficerCharts
Maternity monitoringContinuous during labour; partograph maintainedClinical OfficerPartograph
Charge capturePass to HRIO at the time of delivery, not at the endHRIOCharge sheet
Infection prevention practiceHand hygiene, waste segregation, sharps safety maintained continuouslyAll staffIPC checklist
Before you leave 10
ItemWhat must be completedHand over toEvidence
Patient handovershared: All three rolesStructured handover of every patient still in the building or admittedIncoming counterpartSigned handover record
Pending laboratory resultsList of every sample collected without a released result, with expected timeIncoming Nurse + incoming COPending results list
Critical results awaiting actionAny critical value and what was done about itIncoming CO directlyCritical result log
Pending treatments and due medicationsEvery treatment due in the next 2 hours, named per patientIncoming NurseDrug chart + handover note
Admitted patientsshared: Nurse + Clinical OfficerBedside handover of each patient: condition, plan, next review, watch-pointsIncoming Nurse and COCountersigned ward list
Maternity in progressStage of labour, partograph position, plan, escalation statusIncoming Nurse; CO informedPartograph + handover note
Laboratory issuesFailed QC, non-functional equipment, reagents finished, tests unavailable next shiftIncoming Nurse + COLab log
Stock discrepanciesshared: Nurse (custody) + HRIO (records)Any variance identified, reported before leaving — never carried forward silentlyCEO + incoming shiftVariance report
Incidentsshared: Person involvedAny clinical incident, near miss, complaint or safety event, documented before leavingCEO + incoming shiftIncident form
Equipment problemsshared: Person who found itWhat is broken, since when, what has been reported, workaround in useIncoming counterpart + CEOEquipment fault log
Your handover 10
  1. Bedside handover of each inpatient: condition, observations trend, treatments given, treatments due in the next 2 hours.
  2. Any patient in labor, with partograph position.
  3. Samples collected without results.
  4. Treatments/procedures pending.
  5. Emergency trolley status and anything used and not replaced.
  6. Laboratory status: tests unavailable, QC failures, reagents finished.
  7. Pharmacy custody issues, quarantined stock, fridge temperature excursions.
  8. Equipment faults.
  9. Infection prevention concerns.
  10. Any patient or family concern raised.

Record: Signed Nurse handover record + drug and observation charts

Handover is face to face, at the point of care where relevant, and signed by both parties. A handover left as a written note only is not a handover. Maximum 10 minutes per role. The outgoing person stays accountable until the signature is given. If the incoming counterpart has not arrived, the outgoing staff member does not leave — the CEO is informed at the shift end time, not afterwards.

Daily, weekly, monthly

Every shift

Take handover and complete the bedside round; check the emergency trolley, treatment room, laboratory and maternity readiness; triage every patient with full documentation; collect and process all laboratory samples; escalate every critical result in person; perform all ordered procedures and treatments; administer and sign for all inpatient medication; monitor observations at ordered frequency; conduct ANC, postnatal, immunisation and well-baby activities as scheduled; record pharmacy and lab fridge temperatures twice; maintain infection prevention practice; complete nursing documentation each shift; complete handover with signature

Deliverables Signed triage records for 100% of patients; completed lab register; signed observation and drug charts; readiness checklists signed; handover record signed

Weekly

Full laboratory reagent, consumable and expiry check; fast-mover pharmacy stock count with the HRIO; emergency and resuscitation equipment full audit; maternity pack and drug audit; ANC follow-up list (overdue visits and mothers approaching EDD); immunisation defaulter clinical annotation; sterilisation and instrument set audit; infection prevention audit

Deliverables Signed weekly stock count; expiry list; ANC follow-up list; immunisation defaulter list; IPC audit note

Monthly

Full physical pharmacy stock count with the HRIO (Nurse counts, HRIO records); full expiry inspection and short-expiry list; quarantine review and disposal preparation where authorised; complete equipment inventory and function status; nursing documentation audit sample; patient education material review; cold-chain performance review

Deliverables Dual-signed monthly stock count; short-expiry list; equipment status report; nursing audit note

Clinical decisions

Clinical Officer

You own Assessment, diagnosis, treatment decisions, prescribing, investigation orders, admission, referral, discharge decisions and the dispensing chain.

You never Queue management, registration, claims, physical stock custody

In-Charge The Clinical Officer on call is the In-Charge for the shift. Every clinical judgement, every priority call and every decision that cannot wait for management rests with them until they hand over. The Nurse, HRIO and Housekeeping all escalate to the In-Charge first.

Your work through the journey Tap a stage, then a task

03Consultation122
Clinical history

What you do Take and document presenting complaint, history of presenting illness, relevant past, family, social and drug history

No escalation for this task
Physical examination → Document

What you do Perform and document systemic examination relevant to the complaint; use a chaperone for intimate examinations

If this happensPatient declines examinationTellDocument
Working diagnosis

What you do Record a working diagnosis or clearly stated differential

No escalation for this task
Clinical documentation Act now → Self-correct before next patient; HRIO flags at reconciliation

What you do Complete the consultation note during or immediately after the consultation — never at end of shift

If this happensNote incomplete at end of consultationTellSelf-correct before next patient; HRIO flags at reconciliation
Investigation orders → Discuss alternative with patient

What you do Write specific tests required with clinical indication; state urgency (routine/urgent); hand the order to the Nurse, not the patient

If this happensTest not available in-house and not outsourceableTellDiscuss alternative with patient
Prescription writing → Nurse checks stock & records stock-out; CO decides substitution

What you do Prescribe legibly with drug, strength, dose, frequency, duration, route; weight-based calculation shown for children; check against allergy flag

If this happensRequired medicine not in stockTellNurse checks stock & records stock-out; CO decides substitution
Procedure order → Referral; inform CEO

What you do Specify the procedure, site, indication and any pre-procedure requirement; state whether CO or Nurse performs it

If this happensProcedure outside available competence/equipmentTellReferral; inform CEO
Treatment plan explanation → Nurse reinforces; CO revisits; CEO if unresolved

What you do Explain diagnosis, plan, expected course and warning signs to the patient in a language they understand; confirm understanding

If this happensPatient does not understand or disagrees with planTellNurse reinforces; CO revisits; CEO if unresolved
Referral decision and letter Act now → CEO; HRIO arranges transport and communication

What you do Decide referral, write the referral letter with clinical summary, reason and receiving facility; sign and date

If this happensReferral is emergency, or receiving facility declinesTellCEO; HRIO arranges transport and communication
Admission decision → Referral pathway; CEO

What you do Decide admission, write admission orders including observations frequency, medications and review time

If this happensBed unavailable, or acuity exceeds facility capabilityTellReferral pathway; CEO
Follow-up/review plan

What you do State a specific review date or clear "return if" criteria — not "review when necessary"

No escalation for this task
Order/charge handover to billing → CEO

What you do Ensure every ordered service, procedure and medicine reaches the HRIO for charge capture before the patient leaves the consultation area

If this happensService performed but not billed (found at reconciliation)TellCEO
05Pharmacyno dedicated pharmacy employee91
Receive prescription → Return to consultation; correct before dispensing

What you do Take the prescription at the pharmacy point, confirm patient identity against the prescription

If this happensPrescription presented without identifiable patientTellReturn to consultation; correct before dispensing
Prescription verification → CO

What you do Check drug, strength, dose, frequency, duration, route, and cross-check against the allergy flag and current medicines

If this happensDose outside expected range; allergy conflict; interaction concernTellCO
Stock availability check and substitution consult → HRIO logs stock-out & orders; CEO approves order

What you do Confirm availability before telling the patient; where unavailable, decide a clinically appropriate alternative and document the change

If this happensStock-out of an essential itemTellHRIO logs stock-out & orders; CEO approves order
Dispensing and labelling → Do not dispense; resolve first

What you do Select, count/measure, package and label with patient name, drug, strength, dose instruction, quantity and date

If this happensLabel cannot be completed accuratelyTellDo not dispense; resolve first
Medication counselling → Repeat with Nurse support; involve caregiver

What you do Explain what each medicine is for, how and when to take it, duration, common side effects and what to do about them; ask the patient to repeat the dose instruction back

If this happensPatient cannot repeat the instruction correctlyTellRepeat with Nurse support; involve caregiver
Record stock issue → CEO

What you do Enter every item issued on the bin card/stock ledger at the time of dispensing — not in batches at end of shift

If this happensLedger not updated at time of issueTellCEO
Reorder identification → HRIO compiles; CEO approves

What you do CO identifies clinically essential items and prescribing-pattern changes; Nurse confirms physical levels against reorder points

If this happensEssential item below reorder levelTellHRIO compiles; CEO approves
Controlled/restricted items register Act now → CEO immediately, same shift

What you do Record every issue in the controlled items register with patient, quantity, balance, and both signatures; count balance at every shift change

If this happensAny discrepancy in balanceTellCEO immediately, same shift
Returns of unused or wrongly dispensed medicines → Incident form; CEO

What you do Receive returns, assess whether the item can re-enter stock per policy, document decision, adjust ledger

If this happensReturn arises from a dispensing errorTellIncident form; CEO
06Procedures3
Consent for CO-performed procedures → HRIO contacts the guardian

What you do Explain risks, benefits and alternatives; obtain and document written consent where required

If this happensPatient lacks capacity or is a minor without guardianTellHRIO contacts the guardian
Minor procedures (suturing, incision and drainage, etc.) → Referral; CEO informed

What you do Perform within competence and available equipment; Nurse assists and manages the sterile field

If this happensComplication or procedure beyond competenceTellReferral; CEO informed
Procedure documentationshared · whoever performs it → HRIO flags and ensures documentation

What you do Whoever performs the procedure writes the procedure note — never delegated to the other party

If this happensNote missing at reconciliationTellHRIO flags and ensures documentation
07Observation / Inpatient3
Admission decision and orders → Referral; CEO informed

What you do Write the admission note, diagnosis, observation frequency, medication orders, diet and review time

If this happensAcuity beyond facility capabilityTellReferral; CEO informed
Clinical review / ward round → CEO

What you do Review every admitted patient, document findings, adjust the plan, state the next review time

If this happensPatient not reviewed within the stated intervalTellCEO
Discharge decision and discharge summary → Document; CEO informed

What you do Decide fitness for discharge; write the discharge summary with diagnosis, treatment given, medicines, follow-up and warning signs

If this happensPatient wishes to leave against adviceTellDocument; CEO informed
08Maternity / MCH3
ANC risk classification and plan → Referral pathway; CEO informed

What you do Classify risk, document the plan, identify pregnancies requiring referral-level care early

If this happensHigh-risk pregnancy identifiedTellReferral pathway; CEO informed
Referral for caesarean section → HRIO arranges transport; CEO

What you do Decide and activate referral, communicate with the receiving facility, write the referral

If this happensDelay in transport or receiving facility acceptanceTellHRIO arranges transport; CEO
Discharge of mother and babyshared · Clinical Officer (clinical) + Nurse (education) → CO

What you do CO confirms fitness; Nurse gives postnatal, feeding and danger-sign education; HRIO closes the account and books postnatal review

If this happensMother or baby not fit for dischargeTellCO
10Billing, Discharge & Encounter Closure21
Charge capture at the point of serviceshared · whoever performs it → CEO

What you do Every consultation, test, procedure, consumable and medicine is passed to the HRIO at the time it is delivered

If this happensService in the clinical note with no matching chargeTellCEO
Clinical completion of the encounter Act now → Self-complete immediately; HRIO flags at reconciliation

What you do Confirm the note, diagnosis, prescription and follow-up plan are complete before the patient leaves

If this happensIncomplete at patient exitTellSelf-complete immediately; HRIO flags at reconciliation
Core duties during the shift 5
DutyWhat is expectedBackupEvidence
ConsultationBegin within 20 min of triage (PROPOSED INTERIM); complete the note before the next patientSigned consultation note
Dispensing chainDispense and counsel within 10 min of the patient reaching pharmacyNurseDispensing record
ProceduresPerform as ordered; document immediatelyThe other clinicianProcedure note
Inpatient clinical reviewMinimum twice per 24 hours and on any escalationReview notes
Charge capturePass to HRIO at the time of delivery, not at the endHRIOCharge sheet
Before you leave 7
ItemWhat must be completedHand over toEvidence
Patient handovershared: All three rolesStructured handover of every patient still in the building or admittedIncoming counterpartSigned handover record
Clinical documentationEvery consultation note of the shift signed and complete — nothing carried forwardIncoming COComplete file set
Admitted patientsshared: Nurse + Clinical OfficerBedside handover of each patient: condition, plan, next review, watch-pointsIncoming Nurse and COCountersigned ward list
Referrals in progressWho was referred, where, whether accepted, whether transport is arrangedIncoming COReferral register
Pharmacy issuesStock-outs, substitutions made, controlled items balance verified and dual-signedIncoming CO + NurseControlled register + stock-out list
Incidentsshared: Person involvedAny clinical incident, near miss, complaint or safety event, documented before leavingCEO + incoming shiftIncident form
Equipment problemsshared: Person who found itWhat is broken, since when, what has been reported, workaround in useIncoming counterpart + CEOEquipment fault log
Your handover 10
  1. Every admitted patient: diagnosis, current condition, plan, next review time, specific watch-points.
  2. Patients seen but not yet concluded.
  3. Pending results the CO is waiting for and what will be done with them.
  4. Critical results already acted on.
  5. Referrals made and their status.
  6. Patients likely to deteriorate.
  7. Medicines out of stock and the agreed substitutions.
  8. Controlled items balance verified.
  9. Any clinical incident.
  10. Anything specifically promised to a patient or family.

Record: Signed CO handover record + countersigned ward list

Handover is face to face, at the point of care where relevant, and signed by both parties. A handover left as a written note only is not a handover. Maximum 10 minutes per role. The outgoing person stays accountable until the signature is given. If the incoming counterpart has not arrived, the outgoing staff member does not leave — the CEO is informed at the shift end time, not afterwards.

Daily, weekly, monthly

Every shift

Attend the shift huddle and take handover; review all admitted patients at start of shift; conduct all consultations with complete same-visit documentation; write all prescriptions and investigation orders; verify and dispense (or supervise dispensing); counsel patients on medicines; review all returned results and act on each; conduct inpatient reviews at ordered frequency; make and document all admission, referral and discharge decisions; verify the controlled items balance at shift change; report stock-outs; complete handover with signature

Deliverables Complete signed clinical records for every patient seen; zero unactioned results at handover; controlled items balance verified; handover record signed

Weekly

Chronic-care patient review and overdue list; referral outcome review; one case review/CME session with the Nurse; clinical input to the pharmacy reorder list; review of the week's escalations and delays for clinical causes; review of laboratory test availability against clinical need; sign off the week's incomplete clinical documentation

Deliverables Chronic-care overdue list; referral register updated with outcomes; CME log entry; clinical reorder input

Monthly

One clinical audit on an agreed topic with one corrective action; review of one protocol/SOP; prescribing pattern review against stock movement; review of all referrals and their appropriateness; review of clinical incidents and near misses; contribution of clinical content for patient/community education on request

Deliverables Audit sheet with corrective action; SOP review note; prescribing review; incident review note

Environment, linen & catering

Housekeeping

You own Cleaning of every clinical and public area, infection-prevention cleaning, linen and laundry, patient meals and kitchen hygiene, waste movement and the grounds.

You never Touch sharps, specimens, medicines or patient records; clean a laboratory bench; carry out any clinical task; give a patient any clinical information.

Your work through the journey Tap a stage, then a task

01Arrival & Registration2
Reception and waiting area readiness → Clean using the spillage procedure straight away; tell the Nurse

What you do Clean floors, seats, counters and door handles before the first patient, then check hourly through the shift; keep drinking water available and bins emptied

If this happensSpillage, soiling, blood or vomit in a public areaTellClean using the spillage procedure straight away; tell the Nurse
Public washroom checks → HRIO for supplies; CEO for a repair

What you do Check, clean and restock the patient washrooms at least every two hours and record each check on the washroom log

If this happensWashroom unusable, no water, or soap and towels finishedTellHRIO for supplies; CEO for a repair
02Triage1
Triage room readiness → Nurse now; HRIO to reorder

What you do Clean the couch, surfaces and floor before the shift and again after any soiling; restock hand-hygiene supplies and couch roll

If this happensHand-hygiene supplies or couch roll finishedTellNurse now; HRIO to reorder
03Consultation1
Consultation room readiness → Hand it to the HRIO (file) or the Nurse (specimen or medicine) without opening it

What you do Clean and prepare the room before the shift, empty the waste, restock hand-hygiene supplies; never move, open or read a patient file and never touch clinical equipment

If this happensA patient file, specimen or medicine left unattended in the roomTellHand it to the HRIO (file) or the Nurse (specimen or medicine) without opening it
04Laboratoryno dedicated laboratory employee1
Laboratory floor and general cleaning → Stop, do not clean, call the Nurse

What you do Clean floors and non-bench surfaces only after the Nurse confirms the benches are decontaminated; never clean a bench, never touch a sample, never open the laboratory fridge

If this happensBench not yet decontaminated, or a spill involving a sampleTellStop, do not clean, call the Nurse
06Procedures11
Procedure room turnaround Act now → Do not touch it; call the Nurse immediately

What you do Once the Nurse confirms sharps and clinical waste are cleared, clean the couch, trolley surfaces and floor, replace the couch cover and reset the room

If this happensA sharp, blade or needle found loose in the roomTellDo not touch it; call the Nurse immediately
07Observation / Inpatient41
Daily bed-space cleaning → Leave and return later; tell the Nurse when it was last done

What you do Clean the bed frame, locker, floor and bathroom of every occupied bed space daily and whenever soiled, working around the patient and the Nurse

If this happensPatient is receiving care or is unwellTellLeave and return later; tell the Nurse when it was last done
Bed linen change Act now → Bag as infectious at the bedside; tell the Nurse

What you do Change linen daily and immediately when soiled; handle soiled linen at the bedside into the correct bag, never on the floor and never shaken

If this happensLinen soiled with blood or body fluidTellBag as infectious at the bedside; tell the Nurse
Patient meals — serve and collect → Nurse before serving anything

What you do Serve the meal the Nurse has confirmed for that patient, record that it was served, collect and wash up afterwards

If this happensNo diet confirmed for a patient, or the patient refuses the mealTellNurse before serving anything
Terminal clean after discharge → HRIO; CEO if the pressure continues

What you do After every discharge, strip the bed, clean the whole bed space and locker, remake with clean linen and tell the HRIO the bed is ready

If this happensBed needed before the clean is finishedTellHRIO; CEO if the pressure continues
08Maternity / MCH3
Delivery room terminal clean → Do not proceed; call the Nurse

What you do After the Nurse has cleared all clinical waste and the placenta per protocol, clean and disinfect the delivery couch, surfaces, floor and equipment trolley, then reset the room

If this happensClinical waste or the placenta still presentTellDo not proceed; call the Nurse
Maternity linen handling → Double-bag as infectious; tell the Nurse

What you do Treat all maternity linen as infectious; bag at the point of use, transport in a closed bag, never carry against your body

If this happensHeavily blood-soaked linenTellDouble-bag as infectious; tell the Nurse
Meals for mothers → Nurse before serving

What you do Serve and record the meal the Nurse has confirmed for the mother, collect afterwards

If this happensMother is in labour or nil by mouthTellNurse before serving
10Billing, Discharge & Encounter Closure11
Room and bed released to the HRIO Act now → HRIO immediately

What you do Confirm to the HRIO in person that the bed space or room is cleaned and ready, so it can be given to the next patient

If this happensRoom cannot be released on timeTellHRIO immediately
H1Laundry61
Collection of soiled linen Act now → Deal with it immediately; tell the Nurse

What you do Collect soiled linen from every area at fixed times in closed bags; never leave a bag on the floor of a clinical or public area

If this happensBag left unattended or leakingTellDeal with it immediately; tell the Nurse
Segregation of infectious linen → Rewash the whole load as infectious; tell the Nurse

What you do Keep blood or body-fluid stained linen in the marked infectious bag and wash it separately at the correct temperature

If this happensInfectious linen mixed with general linenTellRewash the whole load as infectious; tell the Nurse
Washing and drying → HRIO; CEO for the repair

What you do Run the correct cycle for each load, dry fully, and never return damp linen to the store

If this happensMachine faulty, no water, or no power for the cycleTellHRIO; CEO for the repair
Ironing, folding and storage → Rewash; tell the Nurse

What you do Iron, fold and store clean linen in the closed linen store; keep clean and soiled linen apart at every step

If this happensClean linen found stored with soiled linenTellRewash; tell the Nurse
Linen stock count → HRIO to reorder; CEO approves

What you do Count linen in circulation weekly against the linen register; set aside torn or stained items for condemning

If this happensLinen falling below the working minimumTellHRIO to reorder; CEO approves
Condemned linen record → CEO

What you do Record every item taken out of use with the reason, and hand the list to the HRIO

If this happensLoss that cannot be explainedTellCEO
H2Kitchen and meals7
Kitchen readiness and personal hygiene → Do not enter the kitchen; tell the Nurse and the CEO the same day

What you do Start every shift with clean uniform, tied hair, clean hands and a clean kitchen; no cooking while unwell

If this happensAny staff member unwell with vomiting, diarrhoea, or a skin infectionTellDo not enter the kitchen; tell the Nurse and the CEO the same day
Food store and expiry check → Remove and record; HRIO to replace

What you do Check the food store daily for expiry, damage and pests; apply first-expiry-first-out

If this happensExpired, spoiled or pest-damaged foodTellRemove and record; HRIO to replace
Meal preparation → Nurse before cooking

What you do Prepare meals to the diet the Nurse has confirmed for each patient; keep raw and cooked food apart at every stage

If this happensA diet you are unsure of, including diabetic, low-salt or soft dietsTellNurse before cooking
Serving and recording meals → Nurse the same meal time

What you do Serve on clean covered trays, record each meal served, and keep hot food hot

If this happensMeal not eaten or refusedTellNurse the same meal time
Washing up and sanitising → HRIO for supplies

What you do Wash, sanitise and store all utensils after every meal; clean surfaces, cooker and sink

If this happensNo hot water, or no detergentTellHRIO for supplies
Drinking water safety → Withdraw it; tell the Nurse and the CEO

What you do Keep safe drinking water available in the waiting area and wards; clean and refill dispensers daily

If this happensWater source or dispenser in doubtTellWithdraw it; tell the Nurse and the CEO
Kitchen waste → HRIO; CEO

What you do Remove kitchen waste after every meal service to the outside store; never store food waste overnight in the kitchen

If this happensWaste not collected from the outside storeTellHRIO; CEO
H3Waste, grounds and environment72
Waste segregation and bin liners → Do not sort it by hand; call the Nurse

What you do Keep the correct coloured liner in every bin, replace when three-quarters full, and never mix general with clinical waste

If this happensClinical waste found in a general binTellDo not sort it by hand; call the Nurse
Movement of waste to the central store → Stop; call the Nurse

What you do Move only sealed, correctly segregated bags to the central waste store, in a closed trolley, by the agreed route

If this happensBag torn, leaking, or containing a visible sharpTellStop; call the Nurse
Sharps containers Act now → Nurse immediately

What you do Never handle, move, seal or empty a sharps container; report when one is three-quarters full

If this happensSharps container three-quarters full or a sharp seen outside a containerTellNurse immediately
Corridors, stairs and external grounds → Clear it now; tell the HRIO

What you do Clean corridors and stairs daily, keep entrances and the ambulance approach clear, and cut back the grounds weekly

If this happensAnything blocking the entrance or ambulance approachTellClear it now; tell the HRIO
Pest control checks → CEO the same day

What you do Check weekly for rodents and insects in the kitchen, store, wards and waste area, and record what you find

If this happensAny sighting or droppingsTellCEO the same day
Cleaning chemical storage Act now → Remove and secure immediately; tell the Nurse

What you do Keep cleaning chemicals labelled, capped and locked away from patients, food and medicines; never decant into a drink container

If this happensChemical unlabelled, or found in a patient areaTellRemove and secure immediately; tell the Nurse
Fault reporting → HRIO now; CEO if it is not fixed within 48 hours

What you do Report every broken fitting, leak, blocked drain, faulty light and broken lock the day you find it

If this happensAnything that makes an area unsafeTellHRIO now; CEO if it is not fixed within 48 hours
Core duties during the shift 6
DutyWhat is expectedBackupEvidence
Environment kept clean through the shiftPublic and clinical areas checked and cleaned on the agreed rounds, not only at the start of the shiftThe other Housekeeping staff on dutyCleaning schedule signed per area
Cleaning after any spillageSpillages of blood, vomit or body fluid dealt with using the spillage procedure as soon as they are reportedNurse advises, Housekeeping cleansSpillage entry in the cleaning log
Linen circulatingSoiled linen collected and clean linen delivered at fixed times so no bed waits for linenThe other Housekeeping staff on dutyLinen register
Meals served on timeEvery inpatient and mother served the diet the Nurse confirmed, at the set meal timesNurse confirms dietsMeal service record
Waste moved dailyAll waste moved to the central store, correctly segregated, before the end of the day shiftThe other Housekeeping staff on dutyWaste movement log
Never entering clinical workNo sharps, specimens, medicines, records or clinical explanations, at any time, for any reasonNothing to record; this is a standing rule
Before you leave 8
ItemWhat must be completedHand over toEvidence
Patient handovershared: All rolesAnything an incoming colleague must know about the state of the areas, linen and mealsIncoming HousekeepingSigned handover record
Cleaning not completedAny area or bed space not cleaned this shift and the reasonIncoming HousekeepingCleaning schedule with the gap marked
Spillages and infectious incidentsAny spillage, contaminated linen or waste incident and what was doneIncoming Housekeeping; Nurse informedCleaning log and incident form
Linen positionClean linen in the store, loads still washing or drying, and anything condemnedIncoming HousekeepingLinen register
Meals still to be servedAny patient or mother not yet served, and any diet the Nurse has changedIncoming Housekeeping; Nurse informedMeal service record
Waste not yet movedAny waste still waiting to go to the central store and whyIncoming HousekeepingWaste movement log
Supplies finishedCleaning chemicals, liners, detergent, soap or towels finished or nearly finishedHRIOSupply request
Faults reportedWhat is broken, when it was reported, and whether it has been fixedIncoming Housekeeping + HRIOFault log
Your handover 10
  1. Areas cleaned this shift and any area not done, with the reason.
  2. Any spillage or contaminated linen incident and what was done about it.
  3. Beds stripped, remade, or waiting for a terminal clean.
  4. Linen washing, drying, or waiting in the store.
  5. Meals served, refused, or still to be served, and any diet change from the Nurse.
  6. Waste moved, and anything still waiting to go.
  7. Cleaning chemicals, liners and supplies finished or nearly finished.
  8. Faults reported and whether anyone has come to fix them.
  9. Anything a patient or family said to you that a clinician should know.
  10. Pest sightings.

Record: Signed Housekeeping handover record + cleaning schedule

Handover is face to face, at the point of care where relevant, and signed by both parties. A handover left as a written note only is not a handover. Maximum 10 minutes per role. The outgoing person stays accountable until the signature is given. If the incoming counterpart has not arrived, the outgoing staff member does not leave — the CEO is informed at the shift end time, not afterwards.

Daily, weekly, monthly

Every shift

Clean all public and clinical areas on the agreed rounds; check washrooms every two hours; deal with every spillage as it is reported; collect soiled linen and deliver clean linen at fixed times; run and finish the day's laundry loads; prepare and serve every confirmed meal and wash up afterwards; empty and reline all bins; move waste to the central store; check drinking water; report every fault the day you find it; complete handover

Deliverables Signed cleaning schedule; washroom log; linen register; meal service record; waste movement log; handover record signed

Weekly

Deep clean of the wards, delivery room, procedure room and laboratory floor by arrangement with the Nurse; linen stock count against the register and condemning list; pest check of kitchen, store, wards and waste area; grounds and external cleaning; clean and descale water dispensers; check cleaning chemical stock and storage

Deliverables Weekly deep-clean record; linen count; pest check record; chemical stock note

Monthly

Full linen inventory with the HRIO; deep clean of the kitchen and food store including cooker, fridge and shelves; review of the cleaning schedule with the Nurse for anything being missed; condemned linen and equipment list to the CEO

Deliverables Linen inventory; kitchen deep-clean record; updated cleaning schedule; condemned list